<aside> <img src="/icons/light-bulb_blue.svg" alt="/icons/light-bulb_blue.svg" width="40px" /> Over 40 cited scientific studies

1. Leah M. Kalm and Richard D. Semba (2005). 'They Starved So That Others Be Better Fed: Remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota Experiment, The Journal of Nutrition, 135(6), p1347-52. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/135/6/1347/4663828
2. Stewart WK and Fleming LW (1973). Features of a successful therapeutic fast of 382 days' duration', Postgraduate Medical Journal, 49, p203-9. Available at: https://pmj.bmj.com/content/49/569/203.short
3. de Cabo, R. and M. P. Mattson (2019). 'Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 381(26), p2541-51. Available at: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1905136
4. Natalucci G, Ried S, Gleiss A, Zidek T, Frisch H (2005). 'Spontaneous 24-h ghrelin secretion pattern in fasting subjects: maintenance of a meal- related pattern', Eur J Endocrinol, 152(6), p845-50. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15941923/
5. Jeff Rothschild, Kristin K Hoddy, Pera Jambazian, Krista A Varady (2013). Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: a review of human and animal studies', Nutrition Reviews, 72(5), p308 318. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/72/5/308/1933482
6. Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, Cefalu WT, Ravussin E, Peterson CM (2018). 'Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes', Cell Metab, 27(6), p1212-21. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5990470/
7. Horne BD, Muhlestein JB, Lappé DL, May HT, Carlquist JF, Galenko O, Brunisholz KD, Anderson JL (2013). 'Randomized cross-over trial of short-term water-only fasting: metabolic and cardiovascular consequences', Nut Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 23(11), p1050-7. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220077/
8. Johnson JB, Summer W, Cutler RG, et al (2007). 'Alternate day calorie restriction improves clinical findings and reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight adults with moderate asthma', Free Radic Biol Med, 43(9), p1348. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17291990/
9. Alirezaei M, Kemball CC, Flynn CT, Wood MR, Whitton JL, Kiosses WB (2010). "Short-term fasting induces profound neuronal autophagy'. Autophagy. 6(6), p702-10. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3106288/
10. Ganesan K, Habboush Y, Sultan S (2018). 'Intermittent Fasting: The Choice for a Healthier Lifestyle', Cureus, 10(7), p2947. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6128599/
11. Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, et al (2018). 'Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting'. Obesity (Silver Spring), 26(2), p254-268. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5783752/
12. Catenacci VA, Pan Z, Ostendorf D, et al (2016). 'A randomized pilot study comparing zero-calorie alternate-day fasting to daily caloric restriction in adults with obesity, Obesity (Silver Spring), 24(9), p1874-83. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27569118/
13. Longo VD (2019). Programmed longevity, youthspan, and juventology', Aging Cell, 18(1), p12843. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30334314/
14. Caesar R, Tremaroli V, Kovatcheva-Dachary P, Cani PD, Bäckhed F (2015). 'Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Dietary Lipids Aggravates WAT Inflammation through TLR Signaling', Cell Metab, 22(4), p658-68. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4598654/
15. Bhutani, S., Klempel, M.C., Berger, R.A. and Varady, K.A. (2010). "Improvements in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Indicators by Alternate- Day Fasting Involve Adipose Tissue Modulations', Obesity, 18, p2152-9. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2010.54
16. Norrelund H, Nair KS, Jorgensen JO, Christiansen JS, Moller N (2001). "The protein-retaining effects of growth hormone during fasting involve inhibition of muscle-protein breakdown', Diabetes, 50(1), p96-104. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11147801/
17. Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, et al (2018). 'Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting', Obesity (Silver Spring), 26(2), P254-268. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5783752/
18. Zauner C, Schneeweiss B, Kranz A, et al (2000). 'Resting energy expenditure in short-term starvation is increased as a result of an increase in serum norepinephrine', Am J Clin Nut, 71(6), p1511-5. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10837292/
19. Almeneessier AS, Alzoghaibi M, BaHammam AA, et al (2018). "The effects of diurnal intermittent fasting on the wake-promoting neurotransmitter orexin-A', Ann Thorac Med, 13(1), p48-54. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5772108/
20. Newman, JC and Verdin, E (2017). 'B-Hydroxybutyrate: A Signaling Metabolite, Annual Review of Nutrition, 37(1), p51-76. Available at: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064916
21. Bathina S, Das UN (2015). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications', Arch Med Sci, 11(6), p1164-78. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4697050/
22. Espelund U, Hansen TK, Hojlund K, et al (2005). Fasting unmasks a strong inverse association between ghrelin and cortisol in serum: studies in obese and normal-weight subjects', J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90(2), p741-6. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15522942/
23. Bastani A, Rajabi S, Kianimarkani F. The Effects of Fasting During Ramadan on the Concentration of Serotonin, Dopamine, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor. Neurol Int. 2017;9(2):7043. Published 2017 Jun 23. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5505095/
24. Shariatpanahi ZV, Shariatpanahi MV, Shahbazi S, Hossaini A, Abadi A (2008). Effect of Ramadan fasting on some indices of insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in healthy male adults', Br J Nutr, 100(1), p147-51. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18053308/
25. Shreiner AB, Kao JY, Young VB (2015). 'The gut microbiome in health and in disease', Curr Opin Gastroenterol, 31(1), p69-75. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4290017/
26. Fetissov, S (2017). 'Role of the gut microbiota in host appetite control: bacterial growth to animal feeding behaviour', Nat Rev Endocrinol, 13, p11-25. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2016.150
27. Cignarella F, Cantoni C, Ghezzi L, et al (2018). Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota', Cell Metab, 27(6), p 1222- 35. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/298745671
28. Del Chierico F, Vernocchi P, Dallapiccola B, Putignani L (2014). *Mediterranean diet and health: food effects on gut microbiota and disease control', Int J Mol Sci, 15(7), p11678-99. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139807/
29. Herbert T and Kaser A (2011). 'Gut microbiome, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction', J Clin Invest, 121(6), p2126-32. Available at: https://www.jci.org/articles/view/58109
30. Achamrah N, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M (2017). 'Glutamine and the regulation of intestinal permeability: from bench to bedside', Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 20(1), p86-91. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749689/
31. Liu Y, Wang X, Hu CA (2017). "Therapeutic Potential of Amino Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease', Nutrients, 9(9), p920. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5622680/0
32. Petsiou EI, Mitrou PI, Raptis SA, Dimitriadis GD (2014). 'Effect and mechanisms of action of vinegar on glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and body weight', Nutr Rev, 72(10), p651-61. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25168916/
33. Johnston, G, Kim, C and Buller, A (2003). 'Vinegar Improves Insulin Sensitivity to a High-Carbohydrate Meal in Subjects With Insulin Resistance or Type 2 Diabetes', Diabetes Care, Online, 27(1), p281-2. Available at: https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/27/1/281
34. Pietrocola F, Malik SA, Mariño G, et al (2014). 'Coffee induces autophagy in vivo', Cell Cycle, 13(12), p1987-94. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4111762/
35. Schoenfeld BJ, Aragon AA, Wilborn CD, Krieger JW, Sonmez GT (2014). "Body composition changes associated with fasted versus non-fasted aerobic exercise', J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 11(1), p54. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25429252/
36. Trabelsi K, Stannard SR, Ghlissi Z, et al (2013). 'Effect of fed- versus fasted state resistance training during Ramadan on body composition and selected metabolic parameters in bodybuilders, J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 10(1), p23. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639860/
37. Aragon AA, Schoenfeld BJ (2013). 'Nutrient timing revisited: is there a post-exercise anabolic window?, J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 10(1), p5. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3577439/
38. Ivy JL, Goforth HW Jr, Damon BM, McCauley TR, Parsons EC, Price TB (2002). Early postexercise muscle glycogen recovery is enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement', J Appl Physiol, 93(4), p 1337-44 Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12235033/
39. Edgley, R, (2018). The World's Fittest Book, Sphere, p163.
40. Lugavere, M and Grewal, P (2018). Genius foods: become smarter, happier, and more productive, while protecting your brain for life, Harper Collins, Ch. 7
41. Meczekalski B, Katulski K, Czyzyk A, Podfigura-Stopa A, Maciejewska- Jeske M (2014). Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and its influence on women's health'. J Endocrinol Invest, 37(11), p1049-56. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25201001/
42. Knezevic J, Starchl C, Tmava Berisha A, Amrein K (2020). "Thyroid-Gut- Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?', Nutrients, 12(6), p1769. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7353203/
43. R. Malik, H. Hodgson (2002). 'The relationship between the thyroid gland and the liver', QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 95(9), p559-69 Available at: https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/95/9/559/1574610
44. Fung, J and Moore, J (2016). The Complete Guide to Fasting: Heal Your Body Through Intermittent, Alternate-Day and Extended Fasting, Victory Belt. </aside>